Linked by Andrew Youll on Tue 5th Jul 2005 16:46 UTC, submitted by HSQLDB 1.8.0 Released
HSQLDB is the leading SQL relational database engine written in Java. It has a JDBC driver and supports a rich subset of ANSI-92 SQL (BNF tree format) plus SQL 99 and 2003 enhancements. It offers a small (less than 100k in one version for applets), fast database engine which offers both in-memory and disk-based tables and supports embedded and server modes. 
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When I tried using HSQDL in disk-based mode. It would give me out of memory errors when doing SELECT statements on a VIEW which was made up of two tables with 120,000 and 15,000 rows each. Mckoi DB handles these tables (Same data and view) and even much larger tables without any problems in my experience, but it doesn't seem to be as actively developed as HSQLDB