WordPress has evolved into a central platform for content delivery, marketing execution, and business data interaction. As organizations increasingly rely on CRMs, ERPs, and automation tools, integrating WordPress into broader system architectures becomes essential to maintain data consistency, reduce manual input, and enable real-time operational visibility.  Whether used to synchronize leads with Salesforce, trigger campaigns in Mailchimp, or connect WooCommerce to inventory systems, these integrations transform WordPress from a standalone CMS into a fully embedded component of enterprise workflows. Key Integration Scenarios and Business Use Cases CRM systems like HubSpot, Salesforce, and Zoho integrate with WordPress to automatically capture and sync form submissions as leads, assign tags, or trigger workflows. This reduces manual entry and aligns marketing with sales pipelines. In e-commerce setups, WooCommerce can be connected to inventory management tools, shipping providers, and accounting platforms to ensure stock accuracy, automate order fulfillment, and streamline financial reporting. Marketing automation platforms such as Mailchimp or ActiveCampaign can respond to WordPress events, such as user signups, purchases, or content downloads, by triggering segmented email campaigns or adjusting lead scoring. For internal operations, user data from WordPress membership portals, employee directories, or learning management systems can be pushed to intranet tools or custom platforms to maintain consistency across HR, training, or access control systems. Integrating WordPress with external platforms such as CRMs or enterprise resource planning systems often requires a tailored backend architecture and reliable API management, areas where teams like IT Monks bring deep expertise in custom implementations and data flow optimization. Integration Methods: APIs, Webhooks, and Middleware External systems frequently rely on WordPress as a structured content source, authentication layer, and interaction point. Through its REST API or WPGraphQL, WordPress can expose posts, pages, users, custom fields, and taxonomies to external applications, allowing seamless data retrieval without duplicating backend infrastructure.  Mobile apps, single-page applications, and business dashboards can fetch and render this data in real time, keeping interfaces synchronized while maintaining a clean separation between content management and presentation logic. Business platforms may integrate WordPress-sourced data into broader enterprise systems, such as product information management (PIM), knowledge bases, or customer portals. For example, product catalogs or event schedules created in WordPress can be indexed or consumed by search engines, ERPs, or partner extranets without requiring manual export or reformatting. This enables centralized content governance while distributing structured data across multiple digital endpoints. Authentication workflows also benefit from WordPress extensibility. By extending or interfacing with its login mechanisms, external applications can support single sign-on (SSO) via OAuth2, JWT, or SAML, reducing user friction and maintaining a unified identity framework.  When WordPress functions as the identity provider, it can grant or revoke access to multiple connected systems based on roles, capabilities, or metadata stored in its user schema, facilitating secure access control across the ecosystem. Structuring Data Flows for Reliability and Security Integrating WordPress with external systems at scale requires well-defined data flows that prioritize structural alignment, security, and resilience. Each data entity, posts, users, orders, and custom fields, must be explicitly mapped to corresponding fields in the target system to prevent schema mismatches or logic errors.  This is particularly critical when syncing complex objects, such as nested product attributes, user roles with permissions, or multi-step form inputs. Sync timing is another strategic layer. Real-time data syncing is essential for event-driven scenarios such as lead capture, user registrations, or payment confirmations, where immediate availability is critical for downstream processes.  In contrast, batch processing is more efficient for scheduled operations like syncing analytics, exporting order logs, or updating inventory, where latency is acceptable but throughput and stability are prioritized. Security mechanisms must be enforced at every endpoint. REST API and GraphQL endpoints should require OAuth2 tokens, API keys with granular scopes, or signed requests with expiration logic. WordPress capabilities and user roles should be used to constrain who or what can initiate a sync, especially for write operations.  Logging mechanisms should capture each exchange, request payloads, response statuses, and timestamps to create an audit trail for monitoring and debugging. Robust error handling ensures resilience in production environments. Network failures, rate limits, invalid payloads, or upstream errors can be mitigated using retries with backoff, queued requests, or temporary storage of unsynced data.  Middleware services or custom-built retry logic can help isolate failures without interrupting the entire workflow, enabling graceful degradation and easier recovery. Plugins and custom development approaches offer flexible paths for integrating WordPress with business systems, depending on complexity, performance needs, and system architecture. Many off-the-shelf plugins provide streamlined connectors for popular platforms.  For example, WP Fusion syncs user and e-commerce data with CRMs like HubSpot or ActiveCampaign, Uncanny Automator links WordPress events to external triggers, and Gravity Forms can be extended via Zapier to push submissions to hundreds of services. These plugins are effective for standardized use cases where integration logic is predictable and platform support is mature. They reduce development time, provide visual configuration, and often include built-in error handling, logging, and authentication.  However, they may be limited when working with proprietary APIs, large data volumes, or tightly coupled enterprise workflows. Custom development becomes essential when integrating with unique APIs, enforcing conditional logic, or maintaining performance in high-traffic environments. Developers can use wp_remote_post() and wp_remote_get() to send and retrieve data securely, implementing authentication headers, request timeouts, and structured payloads.  API responses should be sanitized, validated, and stored using scalable mechanisms such as custom database tables or transient caching, avoiding reliance on generic options or post meta fields that could slow down the admin interface or lead to data bloat. For long-term maintainability, custom integrations should follow WordPress coding standards, be encapsulated in modular plugins, and include logging layers to monitor data exchange and catch failures early. This ensures that even complex, business-critical integrations remain stable and traceable as both platforms evolve.
Unite is an operating system in which everything is a process, including the things that you normally would expect to be part of the kernel. The hard disk driver is a user process, so is the file system running on top of it. The namespace manager is a user process. The whole thing (in theory, see below) supports network transparency from the ground up, you can use resources of other nodes in the network just as easily as you can use local resources, just prefix them with the node ID. In the late 80’s, early 90’s I had a lot of time on my hands. While living in the Netherlands I’d run into the QNX operating system that was sold locally through a distributor. The distributors brother had need of a 386 version of that OS but Quantum Software, the producers of QNX didn’t want to release a 386 version. So I decided to write my own. ↫ Jacques Mattheij What a great story. Mattheij hasn’t done anthing or even looked at the code for this operating system he created in decades, but recently got the urge to fix it up and publish it online for all of us to see. Of course, resurrecting something this old and long untouched required some magic, and there’s still a few things which he simply just can’t get to work properly. I like how the included copy of vi is broken and adds random bits of garbage to files, and things like the mouse driver don’t work because it requires a COM port and the COM ports don’t seem to work in an emulated environment. Unite is modeled after QNX, so it uses a microkernel. It uses a stripped-down variant of the MINIX file system, only has one user but that user can run multiple sessions, and there’s a basic graphics mode with some goodies. Sadly, the graphics mode is problematic an requires some work to get going, and because you’ll need the COM ports to work to use it properly it’s a bit useless anyway at the moment. Regardless, it’s cool to see people going back to their old work and fixing it up to publish the code online.
Some time ago, I described Windows 3.0’s WinHelp as “a program for browsing online help files.” But Windows 3.0 predated the Internet, and these help files were available even if the computer was not connected to any other network. How can it be “online”? ↫ Raymond Chen at The Old New Thing I doubt this will be a conceptual problem for many people reading OSNews, but I can definitely understand especially younger people finding this a curious way of looking at the word “online”. You’ll see the concept of “online help” in quite a few systems from the ’90s (and possibly earlier), so if you’re into retrocomputing you might’ve run into it as well.
Exchange rates can move incredibly fast because modern global financial markets are all interconnected. One political news from the USA can seriously shake global markets, and having super-fast tools that can be used to track and convert currencies using favorable rates can be critical. Modern systems rely on precise and real-time currency data, which usually operates through a currency converter API. This technology is a digital bridge that allows apps and platforms to access up-to-date data within milliseconds from global markets. From fintech startups to major banks, modern APIs quietly power countless international transactions and are the backbone of the modern financial ecosystem. What is a currency converter API? An API is an abbreviation for Application Programming Interface, which lets different software systems talk to each other and exchange data. A currency converter  API is a dedicated API that specifically connects financial platforms to exchange rate sources such as central banks, financial exchanges, or liquidity providers. These APIs return live price rate data instantly. This means when someone checks a price in another currency or sends a payment, the app uses an API to check and use the current rate automatically. For example, a live currency converter API helps fintech apps and retail users calculate real-time exchange values, ensuring customers always see the latest data with transparent prices. It eliminates the need for manual updates and human error, creating an automated and seamless experience. What these APIs do is make it possible for global apps to remain consistent and reliable with accurate data at all times. How real-time converter APIs actually work Every time a user views or makes a foreign exchange currency conversion online, a series of steps happens in the background: These APIs use JSON format to quickly send and receive data online. Caching systems ensure speed and reliability while servers handle heavy traffic from global fintech platforms. For large-scale apps like PayPal, for example, uptime and consistency are very critical. These APIs are designed to process millions of requests daily without lag or errors, which allows users to see current rates and execute transitions instantly. Key tech behind currency converter APIs Modern converter APIs are advanced and rely on complex infrastructure to keep up with global financial developments. There are several key technologies behind current converter APIs, including cloud computing, machine learning, blockchain technology, security protocols, and so on. These technologies make APIs very reliable and fast, coupled with top-notch security and robustness. The role of APIs in Fintech innovation As we can see, APIs are super reliable and crucial in modern online currency converters and transaction apps. As a result, they are common among Fintechs. Many startups utilize APIs to reduce costs, increase scalability, and ensure overall security while maintaining convenience. Modern APIs enable fintech companies to provide super-fast services at a low cost, and conversion rates are typically much better than those of traditional banks. Currency converter APIs are at the heart of fintech’s evolution. They power everything from cross-border payments, remittances, digital banking platforms, to global e-commerce price displays. Without them, the modern financial app world would have to rely on either outdated or manually developed solutions, which would increase risks. APIs level the field for startups and let small fintech firms access the same high-quality data as banks, allowing them to be flexible. As a result, fintechs often offer better rates at cheaper transaction costs, allowing them to be strong competition to banks. For developers, APIs are very simple to integrate into an app, as there is no need to manually track or store exchange rates. They save time, enhance accuracy, and reduce maintenance expenses.
Bitcoin BTC Cryptocurrency – Free Stock Image Bitcoin transactions reached nearly 500,000 daily in 2024. Meanwhile, there were over 1,9 million Ethereum transactions on a record-breaking day in January, 2024. These are two of the leading cryptocurrencies driving the most on-chain payments, and retailers are starting to notice. Bitcoin among other cryptocurrencies has started functioning like real money, with payment processors and retailers returning it to the checkout.  The checkout shift has been in the works for years, as various successful integrations have proven how much users want to be able to spend crypto anywhere. Crypto-linked debit cards, Bitcoin ATMs, and Lightning-enabled vending machines hinted at what was to come. Users can easily pay for software, buy coffee, or play online games using crypto. For example, no verification casinos have used blockchain tech to enable greater privacy and anonymity, letting users sign-up through their wallets without sending verification documents.  Users didn’t have to wait for endless registration processes. Instead, they could play slots, blackjack, roulette, baccarat, or other popular games in seconds while enjoying super-fast payout options that came with various tokens. Crypto has become an everyday currency users spend on various platforms, which is largely responsible for the inspiration of bringing them to regular commerce.  Retail rails could see between $1.7 and $2.5 million on-chain payments daily, which is a modest share of the worldwide transaction volume if you consider that Bitcoin has already moved over $19 trillion. However, it represents a new type of growth. Every payment will settle directly on the Bitcoin network without banks or other third-party intermediaries. Retailers love the idea because it reduces the transaction fees and risk of fraud.  Bitcoin’s Lightning Network makes it possible, handling millions of microtransactions every month through integrations with Cash App, Strike, and OpenNode. Retailers accept payments immediately while the settlements complete on the chain later, offering speed and finality that makes it more practical for commerce. For the first time ever, developers and retailers will use the same rails thanks to innovative collaborations like the One Pay partnership between Zero Hash and Walmart.  Smaller merchants have long adopted similar models across North America and Europe using the BTCPay Server, CoinCorner, and BitPay retail solutions. For years, crypto payments were processed off the chain through custodial wallets, but the return to on-chain settlements marks a great revolution. Transactions that weren’t truly Bitcoin transfers off the chain can now return to being 100% BTC. Retail rails will restore the direct and peer-to-peer settlement that made Bitcoin hit the ground running in 2009.  The idea appeals to users who want to hold their own keys and transact around third parties. It also means reduced exposure to frozen funds and chargeback risks for retailers. Many large-scale commerce platforms like Shopify have integrated Bitcoin processors to allow their smaller retailers to simplify how they accept the cryptocurrency during the checkout process. Customers pay directly from wallets while merchants receive the funds instantly, whether as Bitcoin or converted to local currencies. Settlements are cleared in minutes.  User-facing wallets are also maturing. Apps like Phoenix, Wallet of Soshi, and Breez simplify Lightning payments to mimic QR code scans. Modern users spend their Bitcoin without thinking about the underlying technology. It becomes a similar system to Apple Pay for retailers, but it also removes the intermediaries and settlement delays. Some digital marketplaces take it further by allowing their content creators to accept Bitcoin for sales, creating a traceable, global, and fast payment cycle.  Retailers also consider various ways to integrate payment types into their apps, but interest is certainly growing fast around Bitcoin. The commerce industry looks at how developers experiment with microtransactions for in-game purchases and streaming services. Blockchain games allow players to earn and spend their Bitcoin within the game, creating an entire gaming economy that exists purely on the chain. Retailers are implementing the same rails for stores and online shops, creating a unified payment system. Bitcoin’s math works, which attracts more retailers. Transaction fees were once unpredictable, but they are much easier to manage now because of payment channels and batching. Smaller transactions will move through the Lightning Network to settle quicker when the network becomes busy, maintaining more stable costs. Retailers can choose when and how to move the funds instead of waiting for card settlements and paying higher conversion fees. This flexibility creates opportunities for better margins and fund deliveries in cross-border commerce.  Synchrony even plans to integrate crypto capabilities in Walmart’s One Pay app, which can later be used if the features are activated. The new Walmart cards will then have a native wallet users can access. Steak & Shake is another American brand that rolled out the Lightning Network’s capabilities to welcome crypto users who want to pay using Bitcoin. Retailers are simply wondering whether the on-chain checkouts can preserve unit economics, reconcile back office systems, and reduce payment process friction.  While developers build tools to make these systems easier to deploy, some open-serve plugins from BTCPay Servers will support platforms like Magento and Woocommerce. These plugins will handle invoicing and lock exchange rates. Meanwhile, bigger retailers like Walmart have the opportunity to activate those added features within their app. Zero Hash already secured approval to offer custody, trading, and transfers for the retail giant should they turn the settings on.  Analytics platforms have already shown where and when Bitcoin payments occur, and the data is promising as retailers can enjoy more repeat customers and deliver much faster settlements with lower fees. Meanwhile, consumers respond well to the control they regain using on-chain payments. Bitcoin transactions are transparent, final, and timestamped. They don’t need to wait hours for banks or worry about frozen accounts. This will be particularly useful for those in regions with poor payment infrastructure. Bitcoin checkouts will be the ultimate upgrade, not just for local checkouts but for global commerce.
What if you have a PC-98 machine, and you want to run Linux on it, as you do? I mean, CP/M, OS/2, or Windows (2000 and older) might not cut it for you, after all. Well, it turns out that yes, you can run Linux on PC-98 hardware, and thanks to a bunch of work by Nina Kalinina – yes, the same person from a few days ago – there’s now more information gathered in a single place to get you started. Plamo Linux is one of the few Linux distributions to support PC-98 series. Plamo 3.x is the latest distribution that can be installed on PC-9801 and PC-9821 directly. Unfortunately, it is quite old, and is missing lots of useful stuff. This repo is to share a-ha moments and binaries for Plamo on PC-98. ↫ Plamo98 goodies The repository details “upgrading” – it’s a bit more involved than plain upgrading, but it’s not hard – Plamo Linux from 3.x to 4, which gives you access to a bunch of things you might want, like GCC 3.3 over 2.95, KDE 3.x, Python 2.3, and more. There’s also custom BusyBox config files, a newer version of make, and a few other goodies and tools you might want to have. Once it’s all set and done, you can Linux like it’s 2003 on your PC-98. The number of people to whom this is relevant must be extraorinarily small, but at some point, someone is going to want to do this, only to find this repository of existing work. We’ve all been there.
I’ve been working on developing an operating system for the TI-99 for the last 18 months or so. I didn’t intend this—my original plan was to develop enough of the standard C libraries to help with writing cartridge-based and EA5 programs. But that trek led me quickly towards developing an OS. As Unix is by far my preferred OS, this OS is an approximation. Developing an OS within the resources available, particularly the RAM, has been challenging, but also surprisingly doable. ↫ UNIX99 forum announcement post We’re looking at a quite capable UNIX for the TI-99, with support for its sound, speech, sprites, and legacy 9918A display modes, GPU-accelerated scrolling, stdio (for text and binary files) and stdin/out/err support, a shell (of course), multiple user support, cooperative tasks support, and a ton more. And remember – all of this is running on a machine with a 16-bit processor running at 16MHz and a mere 16KB of RAM. Absolutely wild.
A few months ago, Microsoft finally blinked and provided a way for Windows 10 users to gain “free” access to the Windows 10 Extended Security Update program. For regular users to gain access to this program, their options are to either pay around $30, pay 1000 Microsoft points, or to sign up for the Windows Backup application to synchronise their settings to Microsoft’s computers (the “cloud”). In other words, in order to get “free” access to extended security updates for Windows 10 after the 25 October end-of-support deadline, you have to start using OneDrive, and will have to start paying for additional storage since the base 5GB of OneDrive storage won’t be enough for backups. And we all know OneDrive is hell. Thanks to the European Union’s Digital Markets Act, though, Microsoft has dropped the OneDrive requirement for users within the European Economic Area (the EU plus Norway, Iceland, and Liechtenstein). Citing the DMA, consumer rights organisations in the EU complained that Microsoft’s OneDrive requirement was in breach of EU law, and Microsoft has now given in. Of course, dropping the OneDrive requirement only applies to consumers in the EU/EEA; users in places with much weaker consumer protection legislation, like the United States, will not benefit from this move. Consumer rights organisations are lauding Microsoft’s move, but they’re not entirely satisfied just yet. The main point of contention is that the access to the Extended Security Update program is only valid for one year, which they consider too short. In a letter, Euroconsumers, one of the consumer rights organisations, details this issue. At the same time, several points from our original letter remain relevant. The ESU program is limited to one year, leaving devices that remain fully functional exposed to risk after October 13, 2026. Such a short-term measure falls short of what consumers can reasonably expect for a product that remains widely used and does not align with the spirit of the Digital Content Directive (DCD), nor the EU’s broader sustainable goals. Unlike previous operating system upgrades, which did not typically require new hardware, the move to Windows 11 does. This creates a huge additional burden for consumers, with some estimates suggesting that over 850 million active devices still rely on million Windows 10 and cannot be upgraded due to hardware requirements. By contrast, upgrades from Windows 7 or 8 to Windows 10 did not carry such limitations. ↫ Eurconsumer’s letter According to the group, the problem is exacerbated by the fact that Microsoft is much more aggressive in phasing out support for Windows 10 than for previous versions of Windows. Windows 10 is being taken behind the shed four years after the launch of Windows 11, while Windows XP and Windows 7 enjoyed 7-8 years. With how many people are still using Windows 10, often with no way to upgrade but buying new hardware, it’s odd that Microsoft is trying to kill it so quickly. In any event, we can chalk this up as another win for consumers in the European Union, with the Digital Markets Act once again creating better outcomes than in other regions of the world.
The contributions of Sun Microsystems to the world of computing are legion – definitely more than its ignominious absorption into Oracle implies – and one of those is NFS, the Network File system. This month, NFS more or less turned 40 years old, and in honour of this milestone, Russel Berg, Russ Cox, Steve Kleiman, Bob Lyon, Tom Lyon, Joseph Moran, Brian Pawlowski, David Rosenthal, Kate Stout, and Geoff Arnold created a website to honour NFS. This website gathers material related to the Sun Microsystems Network File System, a project that began in 1983 and remains a fundamental technology for today’s distributed computer systems.  The core of the collection is design documents, white papers, engineering specifications, conference and journal papers, and standards material. However it also covers marketing materials, trade press, advertising, books, “swag”, and personal ephemera. We’re always looking for new contributions. ↫ NFS at 40 There’s so many amazing documents here, such as the collection of predecessors of NFS that served as inspiration for NFS, like the Cambridge File Server or the Xerox Alto’s Interim File System, but also tons of fun marketing material for things like NFS server accelerators and nerdy NFS buttons. Even if you’re not specifically interested in the history of NFS, there’s great joy in browsing these old documents and photos.
If you download YouTube videos, there’s a real chance you’re using yt-dlp, the long-running and widely-used command-line program for downloading YouTube videos. Even if you’re not using it directly, many other tools for downloading YouTube videos are built on top of yt-dlp, and even some media players which offer YouTube playback use it in the background. Now, yt-dlp has always had a built-in basic JavaScript “interpreter”, but due to changes at YouTube, yt-dlp will soon require a proper JavaScript runtime in order to function. Up until now, yt-dlp has been able to use its built-in JavaScript “interpreter” to solve the JavaScript challenges that are required for YouTube downloads. But due to recent changes on YouTube’s end, the built-in JS interpreter will soon be insufficient for this purpose. The changes are so drastic that yt-dlp will need to leverage a proper JavaScript runtime in order to solve the JS challenges. ↫ Yt-dlp’s announcement on GitHub The yt-dlp team suggests using Deno, but compatibility with some alternatives has been added as well. The issue is that the “interpreter” yt-dlp already includes consists of a massive set of very complex regex patterns to solve JS challenges, and those are difficult to maintain and no longer sufficient, so a real runtime is necessary for YouTube downloads. Deno is advised because it’s entirely self-contained and sandboxed, and has no network or filesystem access of any kind. Deno also happens to be a single, portable executable. As time progresses, it seems yt-dlp is slowly growing into a web browser just to be able to download YouTube videos. I wonder what kind of barriers YouTube will throw up next, and what possible solutions from yt-dlp might look like.
If you’re still running old versions of Windows from Windows 2000 and up, either for restrocomputing purposes or because you need to keep an old piece of software running, you’ve most likely heard of Legacy Update. This tool allows you to keep Windows Update running on Windows versions no longer supported by the service, and has basically become a must-have for anyone still playing around with older Windows versions. The project released a fairly major update today. Legacy Update 1.12 features a significant rewrite of our ActiveX control, and a handful of other bug fixes. The rewrite allows us to more easily work on the project, and ensures we can continue providing stable releases for the foreseeable future, despite Microsoft recently breaking the Windows XP-compatible compiler included with Visual Studio 2022. ↫ Legacy Update 1.12 release notes The project switched sway from compiling with Visual C++ 2008 (and 2010, and 2017, and 2022…), which Microsoft recently broke, and now uses an open-source MinGW/GCC toolchain. This has cut the size of the binary in half, which is impressive considering it was already smaller than 1MB. This new version also adds a three-minute timer before performing any required restarts, and speeds up the installation of the slowest type of updates (.NET Frameworks) considerably.
A new wave of decentralized cloud platforms is exploring ways to turn virtual machines and container instances into tradable digital assets. These systems allow users to stake tokens, rent computing resources, and guarantee uptime through token-based incentives. What was once managed by centralized operating systems is beginning to shift toward experimental, tokenized marketplaces where CPU, memory, and bandwidth can carry economic value. Digital assets no longer exist only in cloud systems. The same token mechanics that underpin decentralized computing now appear across multiple blockchain-based sectors, from data markets to entertainment and even gaming economies. In this wider landscape, 99Bitcoins reviews gambling with crypto in online gambling as part of an emerging ecosystem where value exchange happens through verifiable and transparent transactions rather than intermediaries. It illustrates how blockchain logic reshapes participation — not by promoting speculation, but by redefining trust through code and consensus. In these environments, tokens move beyond currency to act as access keys, loyalty markers, incentives, and performance metrics. Players, developers, and system operators interact in systems where every transaction is auditable, and rewards are governed by shared protocols instead of centralized oversight. The same infrastructure that secures decentralized finance or peer-to-peer gaming can inform how compute power and digital storage are distributed across open networks. This growing convergence between digital economies and technical architecture hints at a broader reorganization of the internet’s foundations. From tokenized marketplaces to programmable infrastructure, blockchain-based coordination continues to blur the line between resource, asset, and incentive. In this new structure, compute providers issue tokens that represent access rights or performance guarantees for virtual machines. Users can stake or hold tokens to reserve processing power, bid for priority access, or secure guaranteed uptime. It’s a radical blend of OS-level virtualization and market mechanics, where digital infrastructure becomes liquid and programmable. Instead of long-term contracts or static pricing, virtual resources move dynamically, traded like assets on a decentralized exchange. Several decentralized compute projects are already experimenting with this model. Networks are emerging that tokenize idle GPU and CPU capacity, letting operators rent their unused power to global users. Some of these experimental markets use smart contracts to verify availability, performance, and reliability without relying on central authorities. The idea is simple but powerful: transform global excess compute into a self-regulating, incentive-driven economy. Tokens play three major roles in these environments. They function as payment for virtual machine time and container leases, as staking instruments to prioritize workloads or signal demand, and as governance tools that enforce uptime and reliability. If a provider underperforms, staked tokens can be slashed. This transforms reliability from a promise into an enforceable economic mechanism. The more reliable the node, the more valuable its stake. Architecturally, proposed tokenized VM markets rely on four main components. A registry lists available machines and containers. A marketplace layer handles bids and leases through smart contracts. Tokens serve as both the transaction medium and performance bond. Finally, an automated monitoring system tracks uptime and resource performance to ensure transparency. Together, these parts build a self-sustaining cycle of demand and supply governed by code rather than corporate policy. This approach challenges the traditional cloud model, where centralized data centers dominate. Instead, decentralized platforms aggregate spare compute resources from thousands of contributors. They could reduce infrastructure waste, lower entry barriers for developers, and spread control across a global network. What emerges is an open computing fabric that rewards reliability, efficiency, and availability through transparent token economics. For operating systems and container orchestration layers, this shift could be transformative. Instead of static allocation rules, OS-level schedulers might one day integrate market signals directly into their decision-making. Tokens may eventually act as micropayments that dynamically steer resource distribution, allowing workloads to compete for compute power in real time. The result is a computing economy that operates in real time, balancing load and value through transparent incentives. Virtual machines operate as dynamic assets, containers as units of productivity, and the entire computing stack edges toward autonomous coordination. Token economies don’t just change how compute is bought or sold—they redefine how digital resources are organized and shared.
It’s no secret that Google wants to bring Android to laptops and desktops, and is even sacrificing Chrome OS to get there. It seems this effort is gaining some serious traction lately, as evidenced by a conversation between Rick Osterloh, Google’s SVP of platforms and devices, and Qualcomm’s CEO, Christiano Amon, during Qualcomm’s Snapdragon Summit. Google may have just dropped its clearest hint yet that Android will soon power more than phones and tablets. At today’s Snapdragon Summit kickoff, Qualcomm CEO Cristiano Amon and Google’s SVP of Devices and Services Rick Osterloh discussed a new joint project that will directly impact personal computing. “In the past, we’ve always had very different systems between what we are building on PCs and what we are building on smartphones,” Osterloh said on stage. “We’ve embarked on a project to combine that. We are building together a common technical foundation for our products on PCs and desktop computing systems.” ↫ Adamya Sharma at Android Authority Amon eventually exclaimed that’s he’s seen the prototype devices, and that “it is incredible”. He added that “it delivers on the vision of convergence of mobile and PC. I cannot wait to have one.” Now, marketing nonsense aside, this further confirms that soon, you’ll be able to buy laptops running Android, and possibly even desktop systems running Android. The real question, though, is – would you want to? What’s the gain of buying an Android laptop over a traditional Windows or macOS laptop? Then there’s Google’s infamous fickle nature, launching and killing products seemingly randomly, without any clear long-term plans and commitments. Would you buy an expensive laptop running Android, knowing full well Google might discontinue or lose interest in its attempt to bring Android to laptops, leaving you with an unsupported device? I’m sire schools that bought into Chromebooks will gradually move over to the new Android laptops as Chrome OS features are merged into Android, but what about everyone else? I always welcome more players in the desktop space, and anything that can challenge Microsoft and Apple is welcome, but I’m just not sure if I have faith in Google sticking with it in the long run.
Apple’s first desktop operating system was Tahoe. Like any first version, it had a lot of issues. Users and critics flooded the web with negative reviews. While mostly stable under the hood, the outer shell — the visual user interface — was jarringly bad. Without much experience in desktop UX, Apple’s first OS looked like a Fisher-Price toy: heavily rounded corners, mismatched colors, inconsistent details and very low information density. Obviously, the tool was designed mostly for kids or perhaps light users or elderly people. Credit where credit is due: Apple had listened to their users and the next version – macOS Sequoia — shipped with lots of fixes. Border radius was heavily reduced, transparent glass-like panels replaced by less transparent ones, buttons made more serious and less toyish. Most system icons made more serious, too, with focus on more detail. Overall, it seemed like the 2nd version was a giant leap from infancy to teenage years. ↫ Rakhim Davletkali A top quality operating systems shitpost.
GrapheneOS is a security and privacy-focused mobile operating system based on a modified version of Android (AOSP). To enhance its protection, it integrates advanced security features, including its own memory allocator for libc: hardened malloc. Designed to be as robust as the operating system itself, this allocator specifically seeks to protect against memory corruption. This technical article details the internal workings of hardened malloc and the protection mechanisms it implements to prevent common memory corruption vulnerabilities. It is intended for a technical audience, particularly security researchers or exploit developers, who wish to gain an in-depth understanding of this allocator’s internals. ↫ Nicolas Stefanski at Synacktiv GrapheneOS is quite possibly the best way to keep your smartphone secure, and even law enforcement is not particularly amused that people are using it. If the choice is between security and convenience, GrapheneOS chooses security every time, and that’s the reason it’s favoured by many people who deeply care about (smartphone) security. The project’s social media accounts can be a bit… Much at times, but their dedication to security is without question, and if you want a secure smartphone, there’s really nowhere else to turn – unless you opt to trust the black box security approach from Apple. Sadly, GrapheneOS is effectively under attack not from criminals, but from Google itself. As Google tightens its grip on Android more and more, as we’ve been reporting on for years now, it will become ever harder for GrapheneOS to deliver the kind of security and fast update they’ve been able to deliver. I don’t know just how consequential Google’s increasing pressure is for GrapheneOS, but I doubt it’s making the lives of its developers any easier. It’s self-defeating, too; GrapheneOS has a long history of basically serving as a test best for highly advanced security features Google later implements for Android in general. A great example is the Memory Tagging Extension, a feature implemented by ARM in hardware, which GrapheneOS implements much more widely and extensively than Google does. This way, GrapheneOS users have basically been serving as testers to see if applications and other components experience any issues when using the feature, paving the way for Google to eventually, hopefully, follow in GrapheneOS’ footsteps. Google benefits from GrapheneOS, and trying to restrict its ability to properly support devices and its access to updates is shortsighted.
Why does Space Station 14 crash with ANGLE on ARM64? 6 hours later… So. I’ve been continuing work on getting ARM64 builds out for Space Station 14. The thing I was working on yesterday were launcher builds, specifically a single download that supports both ARM64 and x64. I’d already gotten the game client itself running natively on ARM64, and it worked perfectly fine in my dev environment. I wrote all the new launcher code, am pretty sure I got it right. Zip it up, test it on ARM64, aaand… The game client crashes on Windows ARM64. Both in my VM and on Julian’s real Snapdragon X laptop. ↫ PJB at A stream of consciousness Debugging stories can be great fun to read, and this one is a prime example. Trust me, you’ll have no idea what the hell is going on here until you reach the very end, and it’s absolutely wild. Very few people are ever going to run into this exact same set of highly unlikely circumstances, but of course, with a platform as popular as Windows, someone was eventually bound to. Sidenote: the game in question looks quite interesting.
I had the pleasure of going to RustConf 2025 in Seattle this year. During the conference, I met lots of new people, but in particular, I had the pleasure of spending a large portion of the conference hanging out with Jeremy Soller of Redox and System76. Eventually, we got chatting about EFI and bootloaders, and my contributions to PostmarketOS, and my experience booting EFI-based operating systems (Linux) on smartphones using U-Boot. Redox OS is also booted via EFI, and so the nerdsnipe began. Could I run Redox OS on my smartphone the same way I could run PostmarketOS Linux? Spoilers, yes. ↫ Paul Sajna The hoops required to get this to work are, unsurprisingly, quite daunting, but it turns out it’s entirely possible to run the ARM build of Redox on a Qualcomm-based smartphone. The big caveat here is that there’s not much you can actually do with it, because among the various missing drivers is the one for touch input, so once you arrive at Redox’ login screen, you can’t go any further. Still, it’s quite impressive, and highlights both the amazing work done on the PostmarketOS/Linux side, as well as the Redox side.
After researching the first commercial transistor computer, the British Metrovick 950, Nina Kalinina wrote an emulator, simple assembler, and some additional “toys” (her word) so we can enjoy this machine today. First, what, exactly, is the Metrovick 950? Metrovick 950, the first commercial transistor computer, is an early British computer, released in 1956. It is a direct descendant of the Manchester Baby (1948), the first electronic stored-program computer ever. ↫ Nina Kalinina The Baby, formally known as Small-Scale Experimental Machine, was a foundation for the Manchester Mark I (1949). Mark I found commercial success as the Ferranti Mark I. A few years later, Manchester University built a variant of Mark I that used magnetic drum memory instead of Williams tubes and transistors instead of valves. This computer was called the Manchester Transistor Computer (1955). Engineers from Metropolitan-Vickers released a streamlined, somewhat simplified version of the Transistor Computer as Metrovick 950. The emulator she developed is “only” compatible on a source code level, and emulates “the CPU, a teleprinter with a paper tape punch/reader, a magnetic tape storage device, and a plotter”, at 200-300 operations per second. It’s complete enough you can play Lunar Lander on it, because is a computer you can’t play games on really a computer? Nina didn’t just create this emulator and its related components, but also wrote a ton of documentation to help you understand the machine and to get started. There’s an introduction to programming and using the Metrovick 950 emulator, additional notes on programming the emulator, and much more. She also posted a long thread on Fedi with a ton more details and background information, which is a great read, as well. This is amazing work, and interesting not just to programmers interested in ancient computers, but also to historians and people who really put the retro in retrocomputing.
A very exciting set of kernel patches have just been proposed for the Linux kernel, adding multikernel support to Linux. This patch series introduces multikernel architecture support, enabling multiple independent kernel instances to coexist and communicate on a single physical machine. Each kernel instance can run on dedicated CPU cores while sharing the underlying hardware resources. ↫ Cong Wang on the LKML The idea is that you can run multiple instances of the Linux kernel on different CPU cores using kexec, with a dedicated IPI framework taking care of communication between these kernels. The benefits for fault isolation and security is obvious, and it supposedly uses less resources than running virtual machines through kvm and similar technologies. The main feature I’m interested in is that this would potentially allow for “kernel handover”, in which the system goes from using one kernel to the other. I wonder if this would make it possible to implement a system similar to what Android currently uses for updates, where new versions are installed alongside the one you’re running right now, with the system switching over to the new version upon reboot. If you could do something similar with this technology without even having to reboot, that would be quite amazing and a massive improvement to the update experience. It’s obviously just a proposal for now, and there will be much, much discussion to follow I’m sure, but the possibilities are definitely exciting.
People notice speed more than they realize. Whether they’re ordering food online, watching a video, or checking out of an e-commerce store, that near-instant response gives a quiet kind of reassurance. It tells them, without saying a word, that the system behind the screen is working properly. When everything moves smoothly, people tend to believe the platform knows what it’s doing. Speed becomes less about impatience and more about reliability; it’s how a website or app earns a user’s confidence without ever asking for it outright. When things slow down, even slightly, the feeling changes. A spinning wheel or delayed confirmation sends a small jolt of uncertainty through the user’s mind. It’s subtle, but it’s enough. People start wondering if the system is secure or if something’s gone wrong in the background. Most companies understand this reaction now, which is why they spend so much time and money making sure their sites load quickly and transactions go through smoothly. Fast performance doesn’t just please customers; it convinces them they can trust the process. Online casinos show this relationship between speed and trust especially well. Players want games that run without lag, deposits that clear quickly, and withdrawals that arrive when promised. The platforms that do this consistently don’t just look professional. They build lasting reputations. That’s one reason many players pick trusted sites with the best payouts, where the speed of payments matches the fairness of the games themselves. These casinos often have their systems tested by independent reviewers to confirm both payout accuracy and security, showing that real credibility comes from proof, not promises. There’s also something psychological about how we respond to quick actions. When things happen instantly, it gives people a sense of control. A fast confirmation email or immediate transaction approval makes them feel safe, like the system is responsive and alive. Think about how quickly we lose patience when a message doesn’t send right away. That hesitation we feel isn’t really about time. It’s about trust. Slow responses leave room for worry, and in the digital space, worry spreads faster than anything else. The speed of a platform often mirrors how transparent it feels. A site that runs smoothly gives off the impression that its systems are well managed. Even users who know little about technology pick up on that. Industries that handle sensitive data (finance, entertainment, healthcare) depend heavily on this perception. When transactions lag or screens freeze, people begin to question what’s happening underneath. So speed becomes more than a technical achievement; it’s an emotional one that reassures users everything is in working order. Fast payments are one of the clearest examples of this idea. Digital wallets and cryptocurrency platforms, for instance, have won users over because transfers happen almost in real time. That pace builds comfort. People like knowing their money moves when they move. The influence of speed stretches far beyond finance. Social networks depend on it to keep people connected. When messages appear instantly and feeds refresh without effort, users feel present and engaged. But when those same tools slow down, even slightly, people lose interest or suspect something’s broken. We’ve grown accustomed to instant feedback, and that expectation has quietly become the baseline for trust online. Still, being fast isn’t enough by itself. A website that rushes through interactions but delivers half-finished results won’t hold anyone’s confidence for long. Reliability takes consistency, not just quickness. The companies that succeed online tend to combine performance with honesty. They respond quickly, yes, but they also follow through, fix problems, and keep communication open. Those qualities, together, make speed meaningful.  If there’s one lesson that stands out, it’s that quick service reflects genuine respect for people’s time. Every second saved tells the user that their experience matters. From confirming a payment to collecting winnings, that seamless, responsive flow builds a kind of trust no marketing campaign can replace. This efficiency becomes the quiet proof of reliability in a world where attention is short and expectations are high.