Hackintosh is (almost) dead

It’s true that latest macOS 14 (Sonoma) still supports the latest generations of Intel Macs and it’s very likely that at least one or two major versions will still be compatible. But there’s one particular development that is de-facto killing off the Hackintosh scene.

In Sonoma, Apple has completely removed all traces of driver support for their oldest WiFi/Bt cards, namely various Broadcom cards that they last used in 2012/13 iMac / MacBook models. Those Mac models are not supported by macOS for few years now thus it’s not surprising the drivers are being removed. Most likely reason is that Apple is moving drivers away from .kext (Kernel Extensions) to .dext (DriverKit) thus cleaning up obsolete and unused code from macOS. They did the same with Ethernet drivers in Ventura.

↫ Aleksandar Vacić

Everybody, especially the small but active Hackintosh community itself, knew full well the writing was on the wall the day Apple switched to ARM, and we’re seeing the first signs of the impending end of the community. Sure, enough people will remain who are interested in building Hackintoshes using older, unsupported versions of macOS, kind of like retrocomputing, but the days of running the latest macOS release on non-Apple hardware are coming to an end.

As a fun side note, this old OSNews article I wrote in 2009 is one of the most-visited articles on our site of all time. Hackintoshes were way, way more popular than people gave them credit for.

Google adds “real-time, privacy-preserving URL protection” to Chrome

For more than 15 years, Google Safe Browsing has been protecting users from phishing, malware, unwanted software and more, by identifying and warning users about potentially abusive sites on more than 5 billion devices around the world. As attackers grow more sophisticated, we’ve seen the need for protections that can adapt as quickly as the threats they defend against. That’s why we’re excited to announce a new version of Safe Browsing that will provide real-time, privacy-preserving URL protection for people using the Standard protection mode of Safe Browsing in Chrome.

Jasika Bawa, Xinghui Lu, Jonathan Li, and Alex Wozniak on the Google blog

Reading through the description of how this new feature works, it does indeed seem to respect one’s privacy, but there could be so many devils in so many details here that you’d really need to be a specialist in these matters to truly gauge if Google isn’t getting its hands on the URLs you visit through this feature.

But even if all that is true, it doesn’t really matter because Google has tons of other ways to collect more than enough data on you to build an exact profile of you are, and what advertisements will work well no you. Any time Google goes out of its way to announce it’s not collecting some type of data – like here, the URLs you type into the Chrome URL bar – it’s not because they care so much about your privacy, but because they simply don’t need this data to begin with.

Fuzzing Ladybird with tools from Google Project Zero

While Ladybird does an okay job with well-formed web content, I thought it would be useful to throw some security research tools at it and see what kind of issues it might reveal. So today we’ll be using “Domato”, a DOM fuzzer from Google Project Zero, to stress test Ladybird and fix some issues found along the way.

The way this works is that Domato generates randomized web pages with lots of mostly-valid but strange HTML, CSS and JavaScript. I then load these pages into a debug build of Ladybird and observe what happens.

↫ Andreas Kling

I have high hopes for Ladybird.

An actual look at Microsoft OS/2 2.0

This release marks the last time that Microsoft would release an OS/2 beta to developers, instead with the runaway success of Windows 3.0, Microsoft would remove resources from the constrained OS/2, and refocus both on Windows 3.1, and Windows NT.

Thanks to one of my Patrons – Brian Ledbetter, the much-sought Microsoft OS/2 2.0 Pre-Release 2 is now available! So obviously the first thing to do was to re-create the original magical screenshot.

↫ neozeed at VirtuallyFun

We already talked about this rediscovered release, but this article contains even more detailed information, this time from the person who bought the copy off eBay.

Loongson 3A6000: a star among Chinese CPUs

Computing power has emerged as a vital resource for economies around the world. China is no exception, and the country has invested heavily into domestic CPU capabilities. Loongson is at the forefront of that effort. We previously covered the company’s 3A5000 CPU, a quad core processor that delivered reasonable performance per clock, but clocked too low to be competitive.

Now, we’re going to look at Loongson’s newer 3A6000 CPU. The 3A6000 is also a quad core 2.5 GHz part, but uses the newer LA664 core. Compared to the 3A5000’s LA464 cores, LA664 is a major and ambitious evolution. While Loongson has kept the same general architecture, LA664 has a larger and deeper pipeline with more execution units. To sweeten the pie, LA664 gets SMT support. When properly implemented, SMT can increase multithreaded performance with minimal die area overhead. But SMT can be challenging to get right.

↫ Chips and Cheese

I’m always fascinated by China’s attempts at catching up to Intel and AMD, but at the same time, there’s no chance in hell I’d ever use any of it.

Secure by design: Google’s perspective on memory safety

Google’s Project Zero reports that memory safety vulnerabilities—security defects caused by subtle coding errors related to how a program accesses memory—have been “the standard for attacking software for the last few decades and it’s still how attackers are having success”. Their analysis shows two thirds of 0-day exploits detected in the wild used memory corruption vulnerabilities. Despite substantial investments to improve memory-unsafe languages, those vulnerabilities continue to top the most commonly exploited vulnerability classes.

In this post, we share our perspective on memory safety in a comprehensive whitepaper. This paper delves into the data, challenges of tackling memory unsafety, and discusses possible approaches for achieving memory safety and their tradeoffs. We’ll also highlight our commitments towards implementing several of the solutions outlined in the whitepaper, most recently with a $1,000,000 grant to the Rust Foundation, thereby advancing the development of a robust memory-safe ecosystem.

↫ Alex Rebert and Christoph Kern at Google’s blog

Even as someone who isn’t a programmer, it’s impossible to escape the rising tide of memory-safe languages, with Rust leading the charge. If this makes the software we all use objectively better, I’ll take the programmers complaining they have to learn something new.

Nanos: a kernel designed to run one application in a virtualized environment

Nanos is a new kernel designed to run one and only one application in a virtualized environment. It has several constraints on it compared to a general purpose operating system such as Windows or Linux – namely it’s a single process system with no support for running multiple programs nor does it have the concept of users or remote administration via ssh.

↫ Nanos GitHub page

The project has a website with more information and instructions, and the code’s on GitHub.

MNT Reform review: brutalist hardware, familiar software

There’s a channel on YouTube called The Proper People. It’s two guys who travel all over the United States (and in a few cases, elsewhere too) exploring abandoned buildings, and recording both the exteriors and interiors for posterity, since many of these buildings suffer from massive decay and are often slated for demolition. These buildings have histories and stories that otherwise would be lost to time.

They are incredibly respectful of the buildings they explore, and they will not break open locked doors or windows, and only traverse open and unlocked doors or openings borne out of natural decay. They never take anything from the sites they visit, and abhor what urban explorers call “staging”, where you move furniture and objects around to invoke or imply stories and things that aren’t there. Their videos are also very calm, muted, quiet, and only occasionally use atmospheric music for some of the more artistic shots. As a sidenote, they also happen to have the absolute best intro music of all time.

One of the things you quickly notice as you see these buildings, and explore their interiors, is just how solidly made and beautifully detailed they were. Whether they’re exploring an 19th century Kirkbride mental asylum, an early 19th century power plant, or a mid-20th century hospital – they all tend to be made not just to serve a function, but also to be beautiful and solid, both inside and out. Walls, ceilings, and doorways are beautifully detailed in masonry or woodwork, light fittings are solid and ornate, and even access corridors or storage basements have gorgeous vaulted ceilings, decorated walls, and ornate pillars.

The contrast to modern buildings couldn’t be starker. Buildings and workplaces of today are littered with drop ceilings, flimsy dividers, open plans, endless amounts of glass, all in styles so minimalist it just makes spaces feel cold, uninviting, and lacking in human scale. Modern buildings and interiors are temporary, ephemeral, built not for humans, but to a bottom line and some designer’s fancy – these old hospitals, factories, and even power plants are permanent, enduring, and made to human scale. They served as much as a status symbol for whatever ruthless capitalist owned the building as they did as a place for that same ruthless capitalist to extract wealth from mistreated workers.

This juxtaposition, of the minimalist, soulless, flimsy and cheap-looking exteriors and interiors of modern buildings on the one hand, and the beautifully detailed, skillfully crafted, and human-scale exteriors and interiors from these older buildings on the other, is something that kept creeping back into my mind during my use of the MNT Reform. This is a device built by people who deeply care, who are very opinionated, and know exactly what they want to make – very much the opposite of the cookie-cutter dime-a-dozen laptops that flood the market today.

MNT was so kind as to send me a Reform, at some risk to them because I am definitely not the kind of customer the Reform is typically aimed at. Yet, after a few months of use, I can confidently say this is one of the most unique devices I’ve ever used, and one that’s worth every cent. Let’s explore why.

Brutalist hardware

Let’s first dive into what, exactly, the Reform is. At its core, it’s an ARM-based laptop designed to run Linux, developed and built by a small team of people in Berlin. The Reform is unique in that it is designed to be open hardware, fully repairable and highly modular and upgradeable. It consists of a mainboard with an mPCIe slot, an M.2 slot for NVME SSDs, 16GB eMMC storage, and uniquely, a slot for a System-on-Chip module roughly the size of an SO-DIMM module that contains the processor and RAM. The keyboard and pointing device are internally connected through USB 2.0 and easily replaceable, too.

The Reform is defined as much by what it does not have as by what it does have. You won’t find any surveillance devices inside the Reform – no webcam, no microphones, nothing. There have been laptops with little privacy switches or sliding covers for the webcam, but I don’t think I’ve seen a modern laptop that eschews cameras and microphones since the late ’90s. It’s one of the many examples of the Reform’s opinionated design choices.

The configuration MNT sent me consists of the aforementioned mainboard, coupled with one of the processor modules they offer – in my case, the RCM4 A311D, which sports four 2.2GHz Cortex-A73 cores and two 1.8GHz Cortex-A53 cores, 4GB of LP-DDR4 RAM, and an ARM Mali G52 MP4 GPU that supports OpenGL/ES 3.1 through Panfrost. This module also supports Wi-Fi 5 and Bluetooth 5.0 through the integrated RTL8822CS.

The A311D is just one of many modules available for purchase for the Reform, and during the writing of this review, MNT also added a brand new SoC module to its lineup – the RK3588, the most powerful option available for the Reform. It packs 4 ARM Cortex-A76 cores (up to 2.4GHz) and 4 ARM Cortex-A55 cores (up to 2.2GHz), 16GB or 32GB of RAM, and 128GB or 256GB of eMMC storage. It also sports an ARM Mali-G610 MP4 4-core GPU.

Like with all other modules, the drivers for the A311D in my model are completely open source. When it comes to firmware, however, the A311D is not fully open source; there’s closed-source code in the Wi-Fi firmware and the boot/TF-A firmware. The other modules all also have various bits of closed firmware, except for the RKX7 module that uses a Kintex-7 FPGA and hence comes with a hefty price tag. Using the RKX7 module, you can have a fully open source laptop, from operating system down to the firmware, which is, as far as I can tell, unique.

However, the amount of closed firmware code for each of the other boards is relatively small, and in some cases – such as with the LS1028A – can be avoided, too. If you care about using as little closed-source code as possible on your computers, but you also want a capable, modern laptop, I’m honestly not entirely sure if there’s even any competition for the Reform. Considering how small the MNT team is, this is a remarkable achievement, and definitely something they can be proud of.

MNT takes it one step further, though, and goes out of its way to let you know which module makes its schematics and CAD sources available. It should come as no surprise, of course, that the schematics and CAD sources for everything else – casing, motherboard, custom parts, and so on – are all available from MNT, too. This focus on schematics sounds entirely alien to most people today, but it used to be the norm to get schematics with the computer you bought, allowing you to make modifications, repair damage, and generally gain understanding of how your computer worked.

Speaking of schematics, the unique experience the Reform offers starts with something I normally don’t really care about – unboxing. The Reform comes in a beautiful box, and is accompanied by a nice sleeve made of vegan leather, entirely custom for the Reform and handmade in Berlin. You also get something in the box that’s quite unique, something I only vaguely remember from my youth, an art form lost to the mists of time: a goddamn paper manual. It details all the various aspects of the machine, the software, and how to use it. And near the end of the manual?

Printed schematics.

In 2024, it’s pretty much unheard of for any laptop, smartphone, or tablet to come with an actual printed manual, especially not one as nice and in-depth like the Reform one. It contains usage instructions, detailed parts replacement instructions, the aformentioned detailed schematics, and even bills of materials for the various parts of the machine. In contrast, most other laptops will ship with a useless one-page quickstart guide, a few legally mandated warranty and safety leaflets, perhaps some stickers to proudly display your corporate loyalty, and if you’re lucky a QR code you have to blindly trust that may take you to a manual. Seeing a full, paper manual, like in the olden days, with so much information, is very refreshing and welcome.

Moving from the accessories to the actual laptop itself, and you’ll be in for an entirely different experience than from any other laptop. The first thing you notice when you pick it up is just how much of a chonker the Reform is. It clearly harkens back to the laptops of the early to mid ’90s, and comes in at a hefty 29 x 20.5 x 4 cm, and it weighs a solid 1.9 kg. Don’t let the ’90s styling fool you, though – unlike the ’90s fragile plastic that’s become the nemesis of retrocomputing enthusiasts the world over, the Reform is made almost entirely out of thick sheets of aluminium – save for the bottom, which we’ll get to later – with a solid internal structure, giving the whole laptop a level of solidity I simply didn’t expect. There’s no bending, flexing, or twisting any part or angle of this machine.

The Reform is angular and industrial, all the way around, again taking a page out of ’90s laptop design and construction. It’s unlike anything else on the market today.

Flipping the device over reveals the real star of the show: a thick sheet of transparent plastic, giving you a clear view of the gorgeous insides of the machine. MNT has clearly put a lot of effort into making the insides looks amazing, and they’ve certainly hit the mark – this is a work of art, and I can’t get enough of looking at it. The symmetrical individual battery cells, the black PCBs, the shining, silvery heat sink, the exposed cabling – it’s all very attractive.

It’s not just for looks, though, as there’s a lot of function in this form. The symmetrically laid-out battery cells are, of course, user-replaceable, and as such, this design makes them easily accessible. The ribbon cable connecting the input device to the mainboard is also easily accessible, which is useful since you can opt for either a trackball or a touchpad, and of course, you can change your mind later.

There’s also a lot of space in here for activities, as those with the right skills are encouraged to mod and expand the laptop to their heart’s desire. Going onto the MNT forums, you can find all kinds of mods and expansions, from people stuffing cellular modems and UART ports into their Reforms, to a mad lad who removed half of the battery cells to make space for an additional Ethernet port. On top of that, future SoC modules and heat sinks might require more internal space, so having room to spare aids in future-proofing.

Going around the laptop, there’s a ton of ports to play around with. On the left side, you’ve got the barrel power plug, an Ethernet port, an audio jack, and the SD card slot used too boot the system (depending on your setup). On the right side, there’s three USB-A ports and a full-size HDMI port. The three USB ports are USB 2.0 on the SoC module my machine shipped with, but USB 3.0 on all the other modules. The port selection is more than enough for a laptop of this size, but I would’ve preferred it to have USB-C charging instead of using a barrel jack, and having USB-C ports in general would’ve been nice for future-proofing.

The MNT logo is stamped into the metal of the lid, and opening the lid up reveals a few more unique aspects of the laptop. First and foremost, instead of a trackpad, my model came with the optional trackball, surrounded by five clicky, mechanical buttons. The keyboard is fully mechanical, evenly backlit, and entirely custom-designed. At the top of the deck, between the display and the keyboard, sits a tiny black and white OLED, used to control several aspects of the device.

The trackball is great. It’s smooth, feels great to the touch, and the clicky, mechanical ‘mouse’ buttons are something I’ve never seen before. The bigger buttons on the side are the main left and right buttons, and while holding down either of the corner buttons, the trackball will scroll, and the middle button is, well, the middle mouse button. Of course, these buttons are all programmable, and on top of that, you’re free to replace the trackball with the trackpad yourself if you don’t like it. I do actually like the trackball, though, and got used to it very quickly.

I’m a bit more torn on the keyboard, though. It feels and sounds absolutely amazing, without that high-pitched springy sound I tend to dislike. The keys have just enough travel to not become comical, as some mechanical keyboard tend to go for, and the keycaps are quite stable. It’s the layout, however, that doesn’t work as well for me. The default layout moves the left control key to where caps lock normally is, which I know quite a few people prefer, but I do not. There are a few other layout choices that are odd, but nothing too extreme, and you’re of course entirely free to reprogram the keyboard and move the keycaps around.

One choice, though, bothers me a lot: the right shift key sits to the right of the up arrow key, and because my hands are not very large, I have issues hitting it with my right pinky. I continuously end up hitting the up arrow key, which is infuriating during typing. I’m not entirely sure how I would address this myself, and for now, it makes typing on the keyboard a very conscious affair. It’s not a ‘get used to it’ issue; it’s a physical issue of my pinky simply not being long enough to comfortably hit that right shift key. That being said, keyboards are deeply personal, and your experience could easily be entirely different.

The little OLED display offers several options, like turning the device on and off, checking the battery status, turning up or down the keyboard backlight, and checking the system’s status. Of course, this, too, is entirely open and programmable, so you can do whatever you want with this display by hacking away at its firmware. For instance, the person who removed half of the battery cells edited the firmware to make sure it wouldn’t display “0%” for the missing cells.

The display is far better than it has any right to be, and at 1920×1080 at 12″, it’s razor sharp, plenty bright, and looks great. I had expected the display to be a possible pain point – good displays at reasonable prices are a lot harder to find than people think – but my worries were unfounded, and I simply have no complaints about the display whatsoever.

Two tiny speakers sit at the base of the display, and while they get the job done, they’re not particularly great. Spoken word sounds totally fine and acceptable, but things like music tends to sound tinny, a bit sharp, and gets unpleasant quick as you up the volume. For any possible future revision or follow-up model, I hope MNT considers making use of the ample space in the base to add some beefier, more high quality speakers. It’s not a dealbreaker or anything, but something of note if music playback is absolutely essential to you.

The word that comes to mind when handling this hardware is industrial. The aluminium panels seem thicker than on most other laptops, and aside from the trackball, you’re not going to find any curves or swoops here. It’s all angular, with exposed screws and an incredibly satisfying and assuring clunk when you close the lid, almost like a solid car door. The goal of this design clearly wasn’t to be elegant or graceful, but to be almost brutalist.

But that doesn’t mean this is a case of form over function – MNT clearly made tons of clear affordances for function here, like the tons of space for mods, the ease with which the internals can be changed and altered, and its upgradeability. It also happens to be entirely passively cooled, so there’s no fans and noise, which is also a testament to this design being very, very functional.

It’s a massive counter to modern laptop design, and I love it.

The price of the Reform is more reasonable than I initially expected. The current base model, with the A311D SoC module, without an NVMe or any of the accessories mine came with, costs €1200, which, considering how niche and unique this product is, I find a remarkably reasonable price for a laptop that, thanks to its upgradeability and repairability, can grow with you as new SoC modules become available.

My exact configuration, which adds a 1TB NVMe, the sleeve, and the printed manual, comes in at €1498. If you want the recently announced, faster RK3588 SoC module, add €200. Note that since MNT is based in Berlin, customers outside the EU might face additional import duties and fees.

Familiar software

The software experience of the MNT Reform is far less interesting or exciting than its hardware, and that’s a good thing. It runs plain Debian with some modifications by MNT, and much like when I reviewed Raptor’s POWER9 hardware, the beauty of Linux is that assuming the architecture is decently supported, there’s really not much difference between running Linux on, say, POWER9 or ARM on the one hand, and x86 on the other. All the same packages are (generally) available in both repositories, so all your favourite applications, tools, and other stuff are right there, just as if you were using an x86 machine.

To turn the machine on, you first have to connect the batteries internally – an easy process described in the manual – because they ship disconnected to prevent battery drain. Second, you need to put the supplied SD card in the SD card slot – in my case, it contained the bootloader – and then finally turn the machine’s System Controller on with the circle button in the top-right of the keyboard. The small OLED will come to life, and offer up several options in a menu, navigable through the keyboard. Select the option to boot the actual machine, and off you go.

There are several different setups you can use to boot the Reform, and it uses U-Boot to make them possible. Depending on your SoC module, you can boot from SD card, an NVMe drive, or eMMC storage, and I’m assuming things like USB or network booting are possible as well. The machine MNT sent me was set up with the operating system installed on the NVMe drive, but with the bootloader on the included SD card. While the Reform is clearly focused on supporting and running Linux, it should theoretically support any operating system that supports the SoC module you’re using, such as the various BSDs, and technically Windows on ARM, too, if you’re the kind of individual who loves watching the world burn?

Once the process is complete, you end up at the familiar Linux login prompt – this is a Linux system. I know this. Here you will find some of the modifications to Debian MNT has made. Most importantly, it lists some often-used commands you might want to use, how to start the two desktop environments that come preinstalled, and so on. This is a great addition to regular Debian, because it lists some of the things that MNT has prepared for its users that you otherwise would not be aware of unless you had read the manual.

You can either choose to keep using the system through the command line – not an uncommon occurrence for a lot of the kind of people interested in this device, I’m sure – or load up one of the two preinstalled desktop environments MNT has set up out of the box: a tiling setup using sway, and a more traditional windowing environment using wayfire. Both of them have been modified and adapted to integrate nicely with the hardware, with things like battery information, display brightness controls, and so on, as well as a few other niceties. Since I’m a KDE user, MNT also preinstalled KDE for me, something I would’ve done myself anyway, since I’m not a huge fan of the ‘assemble your own GUI’ types of environments things like sway and wayfire tend to be used for (but to each their own, of course!).

From here on out, I would guess most Reform owners go their own separate ways, building out their computing environment to their own exacting specifications. The preinstalled sway and wayfire environments offer good starting points; minimalist setups you can configure further as you may like. More complete environments, like the aforementioned KDE, but also GNOME, Xfce, or whatever else is available in the Debian repositories are of course a command away, as well. This is a Linux system. You know this.

My experience with using the Debian installation on the Reform has been rather uneventful, just as you’d expect. I’m not a performance benchmarker, so all I can do is relay my experiences using the machine for day-to-day work. KDE works and runs without any issues, and performance is fine – applications open fast, perform well, and I didn’t notice any unexpected stutters. Unsurprisingly, testing the sway and wayfire environments yielded the same results. I didn’t try any GTK environments like GNOME or Xfce, but I doubt the experience would be any different.

Before long, you’ll forget you’re using a laptop that isn’t x86. In that sense, the story here is identical to Raptor’s POWER9 workstations; as a Linux user, moving between different architectures like x86, ARM, and POWER is almost entirely transparent, and your favourite applications and tools are just right there, working as intended.

Mostly.

Of course, there are always things that are tied entirely to x86 and won’t be available, but in the case of the Reform, I don’t think any of them really matter. First and foremost, it comes as no surprise that gaming isn’t really a thing here, since Steam is not available on ARM Linux, and even if it were, virtually none of its games would be. You can use tools like box86 to run some x86 games on ARM, though, but it’s still relatively early in development, and it’ll need a lot more work and compatible games to become a viable option.

The second class of applications you won’t find on ARM Linux are things like Discord, Slack, and similarly coded applications. These are websites masquerading as applications using entire Chromium rendering engines, and their respective parent companies are generally not interested in supporting anything but x86. Luckily, though, these applications are almost always also available on the web, so you can just load them up in your browser and use them that way if you really must.

There is one piece of software I want to talk about in more detail, and that’s Firefox. I’m not exactly sure where the problem lies, but Firefox tends to eat up quite a bit of processor power, and more complex websites like the WordPress backend, YouTube, and the various online CAT tools I use for my job definitely have performance issues. Typing in the WordPress backend or my CAT tools often has delays and stutters, and things like going full screen on YouTube takes several seconds, and loading the various parts of the YouTube website is often quite slow. Video playback is not the issue here; YouTube’s website is. Regular websites load, render, and perform entirely normally and without any issues, so it seems to be restricted to complex web apps and unoptimised websites.

It’s really the only case where I noticed any substantial downside to using the Reform compared to my other, mainstream x86 devices, and while not a major, gamebreaking issue, it does bother me. I also tried Chromium, which seemed to perform just a little better and more consistently. I’m not sure where the problem lies, but my uneducated guess would be that Firefox is simply less optimised for Linux on ARM than Chromium. I’m hoping subsequent releases of Firefox will address these problems, because there’s no chance in hell I’m using anything based on Google’s Chromium. I’ll gladly take some minor lag or stutters if it means not having to contribute to Chrome’s staggering monopoly.

Battery life has been only so-so, perhaps 3-4 hours per charge, depending on what I was doing. It’s definitely not class-leading or anything, so if you spend a lot of time unplugged from the wall you might want to ensure you’re bringing the charger with you, but as always with battery life, your experience may be entirely different. On top of that, this is a 1.9 kg laptop, so it’s not the most portable device to begin with.

Approachable community

There’s one more thing I’d like to mention, and that’s the sense of community and just how approachable MNT is. When you read about some of the modding projects people have done, you’ll often see references to MNT helping the modders out, and the MNT forum and various Mastodon accounts underline this. If you have a Reform and wish to perform a hardware or software mod, MNT most likely would love to help you with tips, advice, suggestions, and answers to any questions you might have.

Such direct lines of communication with the very people building the hardware you’re trying to use and alter to your liking is rare.

Entirely unique

The MNT Reform is entirely unique.

There is nothing else like it on the market. I am not aware of any other laptop designed entirely by and for open source, open hardware, and Linux enthusiasts that does its utmost best – within reason – to be entirely open, from hardware down to firmware. A laptop that encompasses the ideals of user ownership, repairability, and upgradeability, ideals that once used to be the norm in the world of computing. You’d expect a strong focus on such ideals would compromise the user experience, but nothing could be further from the truth.

I’ve done all my usual laptop tasks with the Reform, from browsing the web, to watching video, to my job as a translator involving complex CAT tools in the form of complex web apps, and more. Aside from the aforementioned small issues with Firefox and the larger issue of the right shift key, using the Reform and Debian on ARM has been a great experience. I could easily use this as my only laptop, and I would barely have to change anything about my usage patterns.

MNT proves that the ideals of open hardware need not to be an impediment to usability. You could give the Reform to any normal user not particularly interested in technology, and after some remarks about the chunky design, I doubt they’d have any trouble using it for their day-to-day tasks. Even stripped from all of its additional, idealistic benefits, the Reform is just a great laptop running a popular Linux distribution, and that in and of itself makes it a worthwhile purchase to consider if you’re looking for a new Linux laptop.

Add to this the reasonable price, the repairability and upgradeability to increase the device’s longevity, and the Reform is a steal. If you also happen to be a tinkerer and programmer, capable of and interested in creating hardware and software modifications to truly make the Reform uniquely yours, then there’s really no other laptop that even comes close.

Intel continues prepping the Linux kernel for X86S

Nearly one year ago Intel published the X86S specification (formerly stylized as “X86-S”) for simplifying the Intel architecture by removing support for 16-bit and 32-bit operating systems. X86S is a big step forward with dropping legacy mode, 5-level paging improvements, and other modernization improvements for x86_64. With the Linux 6.9 kernel more x86S bits are in place for this ongoing effort.

↫ Michael Larabel

I doubt we’ll see much fallout from these changes.

European Commission’s use of Microsoft 365 infringes data protection law for EU institutions and bodies

Following its investigation, the EDPS has found that the European Commission (Commission) has infringed several key data protection rules when using Microsoft 365. In its decision, the EDPS imposes corrective measures on the Commission.

↫ European Data Protection Supervisor

You often hear people state that EU rules and regulations are designed exclusively to harm non-EU companies. The massive amounts of fines and corrective actions handed out to EU companies in all kinds of sectors already disprove this notion, and here’s a case where even the European Commission itself gets a slap on the wrist for violating its own rules and regulations – rules and regulations, we’re often told by especially American corporatists, are designed specifically to target poor American businesses.

Not that corporatists have any use for reality and facts, but still.

Oracle Solaris 11.4 SRU66 released

Oracle Solaris 11.4 SRU 66 is now available via ‘pkg update’ from the support repository or by downloading the SRU from My Oracle Support Doc ID 2433412.1. Highlights of the changes in this release are given in the release announcement and important information to read before installing it is provided in the Readme linked from the above support document. This blog post provides more details about selected new features and interface changes in this SRU, as well as some preparation work for changes coming in future SRUs.

↫ Alan Coopersmith and Jan Pechanec

Oracle is still developing Solaris. I still find it very difficult to care after Oracle’s bullshittery.

Messy ToS update allegedly locks Roku devices until users give in

Roku customers are threatening to stop using, or to even dispose of, their low-priced TVs and streaming gadgets after the company appears to be locking devices for people who don’t conform to the recently updated terms of service (ToS).

This month, users on Roku’s support forums reported suddenly seeing a message when turning on their Roku TV or streaming device reading: “We’ve made an important update: We’ve updated our Dispute Resolution Terms. Select ‘Agree’ to agree to these updated Terms and to continue enjoying our products and services. Press * to view these updated Terms.” A large button reading “Agree” follows. The pop-up doesn’t offer a way to disagree, and users are unable to use their device unless they hit agree.

↫ Scharon Harding at Ars Technica

The best part of this story? And by best I mean worst? You have to send a letter – a paper one, with stamps and everything, like in the before times – to Roku’s lawyer in California containing the names of all the people opting out, the devices and services in question, and a damn purchase receipt. They’re one step away from wanting your passport and your firstborn child.

Image-scraping Midjourney bans rival “AI” firm for scraping images

On Wednesday, Midjourney banned all employees from image synthesis rival Stability AI from its service indefinitely after it detected “botnet-like” activity suspected to be a Stability employee attempting to scrape prompt and image pairs in bulk. Midjourney advocate Nick St. Pierre tweeted about the announcement, which came via Midjourney’s official Discord channel.

↫ Benj Edwards

So “AI” companies are allowed to ingest whatever data they want, but as soon as someone ingests their data, it’s suddenly a problem?

Seems like a sound business model.

Linux Kernel 6.8 released

Highlights of Linux kernel 6.8 include LAM (Linear Address Masking) virtualization and guest-first memory support for KVM, a basic online filesystem check and repair mechanism for the Bcachefs file system introduced in Linux kernel 6.7, support for the Broadcom BCM2712 processor in Raspberry Pi 5, AMD ACPI-based Wi-Fi band RFI mitigation feature (WBRF), zswap writeback disabling, fscrypt support for CephFS, a new Intel Xe DRM driver, and a multi-size THP (Transparent Huge Pages) sysfs interface.

↫ Marius Nestor at 9to5Linux

There’s way more going on in this new release, of course, such as further Rust support, for instance in the Loongson architecture, additional support for tons of newer Intel processors , specific support patches for various laptops, and so, so much more.

Better, faster, stronger time zone updates on Android

From the beginning, time zone rules were a component in Mainline, called Time Zone Data or tzdata module. This integration allowed us to react more quickly to government-mandated time zone changes than before. However until 2023 tzdata updates were still bundled with other Mainline changes, sometimes leading to testing complexities and slower deployment.

In 2023, we made further investments in Mainline’s infrastructure and decoupled the tzdata module from the other components. With this isolation, we gained the ability to respond rapidly to time zone legislation changes — often releasing updates to Android users outside of the established release cadence. Additionally, this change means time zone updates can reach a far greater number of Android devices, ensuring you as Android users always see the correct time.

↫ Almaz Mingaleev and Masha Khokhlova

This is equal parts boring and equal parts amazing. The amount of work developers have to put into making sure timezones work is astonishing, and the fact that a large chunk of it is done by volunteers is even more impressive.

House panel unanimously approves bill that could ban TikTok

A powerful House committee advanced a bill on Thursday that could lead to a nationwide ban against TikTok on all electronic devices, renewing lawmakers’ challenge to one of the world’s most popular social media apps and highlighting unresolved fears that TikTok may pose a Chinese government spying risk.

The measure that sailed unanimously through the House Energy and Commerce Committee would prohibit TikTok from US app stores unless the social media platform — used by roughly 170 million Americans — is quickly spun off from its China-linked parent company, ByteDance.

↫ Brian Fung at CNN

TikTok obviously needs to be banned. It’s an extension of a genocidal, totalitarian government that has no place on our our phones. Yes, I understand Facebook, Apple, Google, Microsoft also collect vast amounts of data, but at least they are (nominally) beholden to our legal systems, and while there is, of course, a vast power imbalance between us as individuals and them as megacorporations, it’s still nowhere even close as to being an arm of a totalitarian government – they’re just not comparable.

China’s state surveillance tools have no place on our devices.

The Apple curl security incident 12604

When this command line option is used with curl on macOS, the version shipped by Apple, it seems to fall back and checks the system CA store in case the provided set of CA certs fail the verification. A secondary check that was not asked for, is not documented and plain frankly comes completely by surprise. Therefore, when a user runs the check with a trimmed and dedicated CA cert file, it will not fail if the system CA store contains a cert that can verify the server!

This is a security problem because now suddenly certificate checks pass that should not pass.

↫ Daniel Stenberg

Absolutely wild that Apple does not consider this a security issue.

A peculiarity of the X Window System: windows all the way down

Every window system has windows, as an entity. Usually we think of these as being used for, well, windows and window like things; application windows, those extremely annoying pop-up modal dialogs that are always interrupting you at the wrong time, even perhaps things like pop-up menus. In its original state, X has more windows than that. Part of how and why it does this is that X allows windows to nest inside each other, in a window tree, which you can still see today with ‘xwininfo -root -tree‘.

One of the reasons that X has copious nested windows is that X was designed with a particular model of writing X programs in mind, and that model made everything into a (nested) window. Seriously, everything. In an old fashioned X application, windows are everywhere. Buttons are windows (or several windows if they’re radio buttons or the like), text areas are windows, menu entries are each a window of their own within the window that is the menu, visible containers of things are windows (with more windows nested inside them), and so on.

↫ Chris Siebenmann

This is wild.